Subdural drainage catheters with self contained mechanism for restoration of flow following catheter obstruction

ABSTRACT

A subdural drainage system includes: (a) a subdural drainage device having an opening formed therethrough, said subdural drainage device having an upper portion, a body portion, and a lower portion; (b) a housing having an upper portion and lower portion, with said housing connected to said subdural drainage device; said housing movable between (i) a first configuration and (ii) a second configuration; and (c) an elongated element positioned inside said housing, said elongated element having an upper portion, a lower portion and a deformable member connected to the lower portion; said elongated element being configured such that said elongated element is moved between (i) a retracted position with said elongated element inside a portion of said subdural drainage device and said deformable member inside said housing, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated element extending through said subdural drainage device such that said deformable member automatically extends to an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted in the subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between said first and second housing configurations; and (d) an external drain opening formed on either said subdural drainage device or said housing.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 national phase application of PCTInternational Application No. PCT/US2014/031441, filed Mar. 21, 2014,which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.61/803,952, filed Mar. 21, 2013, and is related to U.S. application Ser.No. 13/848,285, filed Mar. 21, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/130,238, filed Aug. 2, 2011, which will issue asU.S. Pat. No. 8,403,878 on Mar. 26, 2013, and is a 35 U.S.C. § 371national phase application of PCT Application PCT/US2009/065282, filedNov. 20, 2009, and published in English on May 27, 2010, asInternational Publication No. WO 2010/059915 A1, and which claims thebenefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/116,525, filed Nov. 20, 2008, the disclosure of each ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. PCTInternational Application No. PCT/US2014/031441 is published in Englishas PCT Publication No. WO 2014/153508.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns medical devices in general, andparticularly concerns devices for the treatment of subdural hematoma.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Subdural hematomas continue to be a challenging set of pathology forneurosurgeons given today's aging population. Patients with symptomaticsubacute and chronic subdural hematomas are frequently elderly andcommonly have multiple coexisting medical conditions. Typically patientspresent after a remote history of trauma, though often trivial, withprogressive neurologic deficits including hemiparesis, gait instability,and cognitive decline to name a few: Ramachandran R, Thimmappa H.“Chronic subdural hematomas—causes of morbidity and mortality.” SurgNeurol 2007:67; 367-373. The mortality rate for this pathology even withtreatment, often cited at a range of 2-6%, is significant given thefrequency of symptomatic presentation. Sucu H K, Gokmen M, Ergin A,Bezircioglu, Gokemn A. “Is there a way to avoid surgical complicationsof twist drill craniostomy for evacuation of a chronic subduralhematoma.” Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:597-599; Ernestus R I,Beldzinski P, Lanfermann H, Klug N. “Chronic subdural hematoma: Surgicaltreatment and outcome in 104 patients.” Surg Neurol 1997; 48:220-225;Mellergard P, Wisten O. “Operations and re-operations for chronicsubdural haematomas during a 25-year period in a well definedpopulation: Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996; 138:708-713; and Merlicco G,Pierangeli E, di Padova P L. “Chronic subdural hematomas in adults:prognostic factors.” Analysis of 70 cases. Neurosurg Rev 1995;18:247-251. Multiple treatment modalities have been described andadvocated in the literature. The most extreme is a standard craniotomyunder general anesthesia for hematoma evacuation and membrane removal,if present. Alternatively, isolated or multiple bur holes may be drilledto permit hematoma irrigation and removal. More recently, placement of atangential drainage catheter within the subdural space via a twist-drillcraniostomy had been practiced typically under monitored sedation, butcatheter obstruction and cessation of flow is often encountered.

A subdural evacuation port system (or “SEPS”) available from Medtronic,Inc., Minneapolis, Minn., has seen recent use. As illustrated in FIG. 1,a SEPS device 10 is essentially a hollow screw placed in the skull 20which communicates with the subdural space 22 and is attached to closedsystem suction device (not shown). Asfora W T, Schwebach L. “A modifiedtechnique to treat chronic and subacute subdural hematoma: technicalreport.” Surg Neural 2003; 59:329-332. While the device 10 has appearedmore successful that the tangential subdural catheter technique and canbe performed without general anesthesia, it is potentially complicatedby portal obstruction prior to adequate hematoma evacuation.

Indeed, recent experience of one surgical group with the SEPS deviceindicates that approximately one third of patients treated had less thanhalf of the hematoma volume evacuated. This subsequently resulted inapproximately one quarter of the patients requiring an additionalsurgical procedure to adequately evacuate the hematoma due to inabilityto restore drainage of fluid through this system after it becameoccluded. One could open the system to clear occlusions by insert atrochar, but this potentially breaks sterility, and insertion of atrochar or other tool raises the potential of injuring underlying braintissue. Hence, there is a need for new devices for the treatment ofsubdural hematoma.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to some embodiments of the present invention, a subduraldrainage system includes: (a) a subdural drainage device having anopening formed therethrough, said subdural drainage device having anupper portion, a body portion, and a lower portion; (b) a housing havingan upper portion and lower portion, with said housing connected to saidsubdural drainage device; said housing movable between (i) a firstconfiguration and (ii) a second configuration; and (c) an elongatedelement positioned inside said housing, said elongated element having anupper portion, a lower portion and a deformable member connected to thelower portion; said elongated element being configured such that saidelongated element is moved between (i) a retracted position with saidelongated element inside a portion of said subdural drainage device andsaid deformable member inside said housing, and (ii) an extendedposition with said elongated element extending through said subduraldrainage device such that said deformable member automatically extendsto an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted inthe subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between saidfirst and second housing configurations; and (d) an external drainopening formed on either said subdural drainage device or said housing.

In some embodiments, the deformable member has a diameter that isgreater than a diameter of said housing when said deformable member isin the extended, deformed position.

In some embodiments, the elongated element comprises a stylet. In someembodiments, the elongated element comprises a catheter.

In some embodiments, the elongated element and the housing are connectedto one another; and the elongated element is slidably received in saidcatheter opening. In some embodiments, the elongated element, thedeformable member and the housing are removably received in the subduraldrainage device.

In some embodiments, a drug delivery device is removably receivable insaid subdural drainage device.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a rigid telescoping housing.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a biasing member positionedto bias the enclosed housing in one of said first or secondconfigurations.

In some embodiments, the subdural drainage device lower portion hasself-tapping threads formed thereon; and the subdural drainage devicecomprises an enlarged grasping portion for manually threading the lowerportion into the skull of a subject.

In some embodiments, a reservoir is connected to the external drainopening.

In some embodiments, the housing provides a sealed enclosure when thesystem is connected to a skull of a subject.

In some embodiments, an occlusion-removal apparatus for use with asubdural drainage device includes (a) an elongated element configured tobe inserted in said subdural drainage device; said elongated elementhaving a proximal end and a distal end, with said elongated elementhaving a drain lumen formed therein; and with said distal end having adeformable member having subdural drain openings formed therein, saiddrain openings in fluid communication with said drain lumen; (b) ahousing connected to said elongated element and having an upper portionand lower portion; and wherein said elongated element is movable between(i) a retracted position with said elongated element inside a portion ofsaid subdural drainage device and said deformable member inside saidhousing, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated elementextending through said subdural drainage device such that saiddeformable member automatically extends to an extended, deformedposition in which blockages are disrupted in the subdural drainagedevice when said housing is moved between said first and second housingconfigurations; and (c) an external drain opening in fluid communicationwith said housing.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a rigid telescoping housing.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a biasing member positionedto maintain said enclosed housing in one of said first and secondconfigurations.

In some embodiments, a method for draining the subdural space, includespositioning a subdural drainage system on a patient. The subduraldrainage system includes (a) a subdural drainage device having anopening formed therethrough, said subdural drainage device having anupper portion, a body portion, and a lower portion; (b) a housing havingan upper portion and lower portion, with said housing connected to saidsubdural drainage device; said housing movable between (i) a firstconfiguration and (ii) a second configuration; and (c) an elongatedelement positioned inside said housing, said elongated element having anupper portion and a lower portion and configured such that saidelongated element is moved between (i) a withdrawn position with saidelongated element withdrawn from a portion of said subdural evacuationport device, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated elementextending through said subdural drainage, wherein said elongated elementcomprises a deformable member on the lower portion thereof; and (d) anexternal drain opening formed on either said subdural drainage device orsaid housing; and moving said housing between said first and secondhousing configurations so that said elongated element is moved betweensaid withdrawn position with said elongated element withdrawn from aportion of said subdural evacuation port device, and said extendedposition with said elongated element extending through said subduraldrainage device, such that said deformable member automatically extendsto an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted inthe subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between saidfirst and second housing configurations.

The present invention is explained in greater detail in the drawingsherein and the specification set forth below. All United States patentreferences cited herein are to be incorporated by reference herein intheir entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A (Comparative) is a subdural evacuating port system (SEPS)device.

FIG. 1B (Comparative) is the subdural evacuation port system (SEPS)device of FIG. 1A positioned such that a threaded portion thereof istwisted into the skull and the notched ended is attached to silastictubing connected to a self-suction bulb.

FIGS. 2B-2C (Comparative) are perspective views of the distal end of thecatheter of FIG. 2A illustrating the expandable “mushroom-shaped” headwith multiple apertures which may be deformed from a flattened orrelaxed configuration as shown in FIG. 2B to an extended or stretchedposition as shown in FIG. 2C by deploying a stylet through the catheterto clear obstruction of the system.

FIG. 3 is a digital photograph of a subdural drainage system accordingto some embodiments of the present invention in which a three-waystopcock allows for inline access to the subdural catheter fordeployment of the stylet to clear obstruction from the system.

FIGS. 4A-4D are side cut away views illustrating various configurationsof catheter distal end portions according to some embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 5A-5C are side cut away views illustrating a subdural drainagesystem according to some embodiment of the present invention utilizing alocking groove.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of drainage system of FIG. 5 asplaced on a subject.

FIGS. 7A-7B are side cut away views of a subdural drainage system with ahousing in an extended position (FIG. 7A) and a collapsed position (FIG.7B) according to some embodiments of the present invention in which thehousing is formed of flexible tube.

FIGS. 8A-8B are side cut away views of a subdural drainage system with ahousing in an extended position (FIG. 8A) and a collapsed position (FIG.8B) according to some embodiments of the invention in which the housingis spring loaded.

FIGS. 9A-9B are side cut away views of a subdural drainage system with ahousing in an extended position (FIG. 9A) and a collapsed position (FIG.9B) according to some embodiments of the invention in which the housingis spring loaded.

FIGS. 10A-10B are side cut away views of a subdural drainage system witha housing in an extended position (FIG. 10A) and a collapsed position(FIG. 10B) according to some embodiments of the invention in which thestylet is configured to clear obstructions within the drainage port.

FIGS. 11A-11B are side cut away views of a subdural drainage system witha catheter in a retracted position (FIG. 11A) and an extended position(FIG. 11B) according to some embodiments of the invention in which thecatheter includes a shape memory deformable member attached thereto.

FIG. 12 is a side cut away view of a subdural drainage device accordingto some embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a side view of a blockage/occlusion reduction deviceaccording to some embodiments that may be used with the subduraldrainage device of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a drug delivery device according to some embodiments that maybe used with the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12.

FIG. 15 is the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12 in a use environmentwith the blockage/occlusion reduction device of FIG. 13 in a retractedposition.

FIG. 16 is the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12 in a use environmentwith the blockage/occlusion reduction device of FIG. 13 in an extendedposition.

FIG. 17A-17C are the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12 in a useenvironment with the drug delivery device of FIG. 14.

FIG. 18 is the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12 in a use environmentwith the blockage/occlusion reduction device of FIG. 13 in a retractedposition and the drug delivery device of FIG. 14.

FIG. 19 is the subdural drainage device of FIG. 12 in a use environmentwith the blockage/occlusion reduction device of FIG. 13 in an extendedposition and the drug delivery device of FIG. 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention now will be described hereinafter with referenceto the accompanying drawings and examples, in which embodiments of theinvention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In the figures, thethickness of certain lines, layers, components, elements or features maybe exaggerated for clarity.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groupsthereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As usedherein, phrases such as “between X and Y” and “between about X and Y”should, be interpreted to include X and Y. As used herein, phrases suchas “between about X and Y” mean “between about X and about Y.” As usedherein, phrases such as “from about X to Y” mean “from about X to aboutY.”

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the specification andrelevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overlyformal sense unless expressly so defined herein. Well-known functions orconstructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on,”“attached” to, “connected” to, “coupled” with, “contacting,” etc.,another element, it can be directly on, attached to, connected to,coupled with or contacting the other element or intervening elements mayalso be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being,for example, “directly on,” “directly attached” to, “directly connected”to, “directly coupled” with or “directly contacting” another element,there are no intervening elements present. It will also be appreciatedby those of skill in the art that references to a structure or featurethat is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions thatoverlap or underlie the adjacent feature.

Spatially relative terms, such as “under,” “below,” “lower,” “over,”“upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” otherelements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements orfeatures. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both anorientation of “over” and “under.” The device may be otherwise oriented(rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms“upwardly,” “downwardly,” “vertical,” “horizontal” and the like are usedherein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicatedotherwise.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. Thus, a “first” element discussed below couldalso be termed a “second” element without departing from the teachingsof the present invention. The sequence of operations (or steps) is notlimited to the order presented in the claims or figures unlessspecifically indicated otherwise.

In some embodiments, a sealed housing with a movable stylet therein maybe connected to a subdural drainage device. The housing may have twoconfigurations, such as an extended configuration and a collapsedconfiguration, so that the stylet is in a withdrawn position (i.e.,withdrawn from at least a portion of the subdural evacuation port) whenthe housing is in the extended configuration and the stylet is in anextended position extending though the at least a portion of thesubdural drainage device when the housing is in the collapsedconfiguration. As described herein, when the stylet moves with respectto the subdural drainage device (such as between a withdrawn andextended position), the stylet may disrupt blockages formed in thesubdural drainage device.

Thus, the sealed housing may provide a sealed enclosure when thecatheter or subdural drainage device is in position on a subjectpatient. Obstructions may be cleared without requiring removal of asubdural catheter or subdural drainage device.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the subduraldrainage device comprises a catheter that may be provided in the sealedhousing together with the stylet. The stylet is moved between awithdrawn position (i.e., withdrawn from at least a portion of thecatheter) and an extended position extending though the subduralcatheter when the housing is moved between the two housingconfigurations. As described herein, when the stylet is in the extendedposition, the stylet may engage and/or deform the catheter distal end todisrupt blockages therein. In some embodiments, a catheter support maybe provided on a distal end of the housing for securing thehousing/catheter in position on a subject patient.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C, a subdural drainage device, such as asubdural catheter 50 (e.g., Integra, Plainsboro, N.J.), includes acatheter body 52 and a “mushroom-shaped” distal end 54. A stylet 56 maybe inserted through the catheter body 52 to move the distal end from aflattened or relaxed configuration as shown in FIG. 2B to an extended orstretched position as shown in FIG. 2C. In this configuration,deformation of the distal end 54 may to allow for clearance ofobstructions within the catheter as well as the subdural space.

As shown in FIG. 3, the subdural catheter 50 is connected to a three-waystopcock 30 and a self-suction bulb 40. The stopcock 30 can include atleast one inline port 32, which can be accessed to deploy the stylet 56through the subdural catheter body 52 in order to clear occlusion withinthe catheter 50 and/or to deform the catheter distal end 54 as well asdislodge obstructions within the subdural space. Thus, in someembodiments, the catheter distal end 54 may be deformed by a stylet 56so as to dislodge or reduce clots and other obstructions that may formin the catheter distal end 54 and/or body 52. Accordingly, the need forremoving the catheter 50 to clear obstructions is reduced, which mayimprove the quality of patient care. In some embodiments, the catheter50 and stylet 56 may be enclosed in a sterile, sealed housing such thatclotting and/or obstructions in the catheter may be reduced withoutcompromising the sterility of the catheter 50. Moreover, secondaryneurosurgical interventions may be reduced, and consequently, additionalprocedures, including more invasive surgery performed under generalanesthesia, may be reduced. The drainage systems and catheters disclosedherein may further reduce intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays,and reduce the overall financial burden of treatment for this oftendifficult pathology in a typically elderly population with multiplecoexisting medical conditions. The system of FIG. 3 has been used in twopatients (ages 75 and 89) with positive results. The ability to safelyre-establish flow for the drainage of subacute and chronic subduralfluid collections following initial obstruction of the system has beensuccessfully demonstrated (both clinically and radiographically). It isbelieved that, without the features of this system, the patients likelywould have required additional operative intervention to adequatelyevacuate the hematomas and decompress the cerebrum to relieve thepersistent neurologic deficit.

The catheter distal end may take any of a variety of configurations,including but not limited to the configurations illustrated in FIG.4A-4D. In particular, FIG. 4A illustrates a catheter 60 with a catheterbody 62 and a generally mushroom-shaped distal end 64. FIG. 4Billustrates a catheter 70 with a catheter body 72 and a generallywheel-shaped distal end 74. FIG. 4C illustrates a catheter 80 with acatheter body 82 and a generally spherical-shaped distal end 84. FIG. 4Dillustrates a catheter 90 with a catheter body 92 and a generallypear-shaped distal end 94. Accordingly, any suitable shape may be usedincluding mushroom-shaped, spherical-shaped, oval-shaped, pear-shaped,wheel-shaped, radial shaped, kidney-shaped, etc. In some embodiments,the distal ends 64, 74, 84, 94 include one or more drain openings orfenestrations 64 a, 74 a, 84 a, 94 a therein for draining the subduralspace. The distal end 64, 74, 84, 94 is typically deformable, by actionof the stylet discussed below, and configured so that deformation of thedistal end 64, 74, 84, 94 deforms the openings or fenestrations 64 a, 74a, 84 a, 94 a, and/or the drain lumen therein, so that occlusionstherein may be broken or dislodged by deformation of the distal end 64,74, 84, 94 with the stylet, as described herein. However, in someembodiments, the catheter distal end may be a simple lumen open end withthe fenestrations 64 a, 74 a, 84 a, 94 a omitted.

The distal ends 64, 74, 84, 94 may be configured with a bumper portionor stopper 64 b, 74 b, 84 b, 94 b against which the distal tip of thestylet can abut and press against to deform the distal end of thecatheter. The distal ends 64, 74, 84, 94 of the catheter 60, 70, 80, 90may be configured to engage, enclose or contain the stylet, with thebumper portions 64 b, 74 b, 84 b, 94 b blocking the stylet tip fromdirectly contacting underlying brain tissue, serving to reduce thepossibility of damage to underlying brain tissue by direct contact withthe stylet.

Although the catheter distal ends 64, 74, 84, 94 are illustrated withrespect to bumper portions 64 b, 74 b, 84 b, 94 b for containing thestylet, it should be understood that the stylet may be adhered to ormounted on a portion of a catheter distal end, such as distal ends 64,74, 84, 94, such that the stylet may be positioned through a catheterbody throughout a surgical procedure. The stylet may be mounted to thecatheters 60, 70, 80, 90 at various points including the distal ends 64,74, 84, 94, the opposite proximal ends of the catheters 60, 70, 80, 90,the housing or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, a deformable member may be positioned on a distalend portion of an elongated element, such as a subdural catheter orstylet, and the housing of the device may be configured to hold theelongated element and deformable member for positioning in the subduraldrainage device during a surgical procedure. The deformable member maybe formed of a shape memory material such that the deformable memberautomatically changes shape when the catheter or stylet extends out ofthe housing. Any suitable shape memory material may be used, includingshape memory alloys such as nitinol, shape memory polymers, andcomposites thereof (with other shape memory or non-shape memorymaterials to form a shape-memory composite material or structure). See,e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,328,842 and 7,879,004; C. Ykacki et al.,Unconstrained Recovery Characterization of Shape-Memory Polymer Networksfor Cardiovascular Applications, Biomaterials 28, 2255-2263 (2007); seegenerally K. Otsuka and C. Wayman, Shape Memory Materials (CambridgeUniversity Press 1999).

As illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11B, a subdural drainage system 600 includesa housing 610 having an upper portion and a subdural drainage device orport 630. The housing 610 includes a drainage opening 618, a lower end619, an elongated member 620, telescoping members 622 and a biasingmember, such as spring 624. The elongated element 620 includes adeformable member 621 on a distal end thereof. The subdural drainageport 650 includes an upper portion that connects to or is integrallyformed with the housing 610. The lower portion 619 is configured toconnect to the skull of a subject. However, the lower portion 619 may beconfigured to connect with a separate drainage port.

The spring 624 biases the elongated element 620 in the withdrawnposition as shown in FIG. 11A. When the telescoping member 622 ispressed, the elongated element 620 extends through the subdural drainageport 650 as shown in FIG. 11B. The deformable member 621 automaticallydeforms as shown in FIG. 11B and removes or reduces any clots and/orobstructions.

It should be understood that various dimensions and/or relativeproportions of the system may be modified. For example, although thehousing 610 is illustrated as a telescoping housing, it should beunderstood that other configurations may be used to move the stylet 620,including reduced profile configurations. In some embodiments, theelongated element 620 may be hollow to permit continuous flow and/ordrainage via the housing 610.

Shape memory materials that may be used for the deformable member 621include biocompatible shape memory polymers, metals or alloys.

In some embodiments, a subdural drainage system may be provided thatincludes a port into which an occlusion device (such as an elongatedelement with a deformable member attached thereto) or other medicaldevices may be removably inserted. As illustrated in FIG. 12, a subduraldrainage device 700 includes a housing 710 and a drain opening 718 thatis connected to a drain reservoir 714. The housing 710 includes a loweropening 719 that is configured to be secured on a skull 712A of apatient for drainage of the subdural area 712C adjacent the brain 712B,for example, using self-tapping threads. The housing 710 includes anupper opening 716 through which an occlusion stylet or catheter or othersuitable medical instruments may be inserted.

Although the housing 710 may be used to provide an entry access portalfor any suitable medical device, examples of medical devices that may beinserted in the housing 710 include a deformable blockage catheter 800as shown in FIG. 13 and a drug delivery device 900 as shown in FIG. 14.As shown in FIG. 13, a deformable blockage-removal device 800 includes ahousing 810 having a handle 820 at an upper end that is connected to anelongated element or catheter 830. A biasing member or spring 840 is inthe housing 810 and a deformable member 850 is connected to the distalend of the catheter 830. As shown in FIG. 14, the drug delivery device900 includes a support 910, an upper portion 920 that includes anopening 922 that is configured to attach to a drug reservoir or drugdelivery control device. A lever 930 is attached to an internal valve(not shown) for turning the drug delivery on or off. The drug deliverydevice 900 further includes a catheter 940 that is configured to beinserted through the skull of a patient for direct delivery of a drug orother therapeutic agent. Any suitable drug or therapeutic agent may beused, including thrombolytic agents, antibiotic agents, and/orchemotherapy agents. In addition, the drug delivery catheter 940 mayinclude side ports or apertures on a side and/or bottom portion thereofto facilitate the dispersing of the drug or therapeutic agent in thepatient.

As shown in FIGS. 15-16, the deformable blockage-removal catheter device800 may be inserted into the housing 710 of the subdural drainage device700. The housing 810 of the catheter device 800 forms a telescopinghousing together with the housing 710 of the drainage device 700. Asillustrated in FIG. 15, the housing 710 includes an internal ledge 716A,and housing 810 rests against the ledge 716A so that the spring 840biases the catheter 830 in an extended position in which that deformablemember 850 is positioned in the housing 710 in a first or compactedconfiguration. When the handle 820 is depressed as shown in FIG. 16, thecatheter 830 moves with respect to the housing 810 and extends into theskull and the deformable member 850 exits the housing 710 andautomatically deforms into a second or relaxed configuration in whichthe deformable member 850 deforms to reduce or remove occlusions. Asillustrated, in the relaxed, extended configuration shown in FIG. 16,the deformable member 850 has a diameter that is greater than thediameter of the housing 710. However, when the handle 820 is released orretracted, the deformable member 850 is withdrawn into the housing 710and is moved to the first or compacted configuration of FIG. 15. In thisconfiguration, the catheter device 800 may be removably inserted intothe drainage device 700 for occlusion reduction/removal operations,e.g., on an as-needed basis.

As shown in FIGS. 17A-17C, the drug delivery device 900 may be insertedinto the skull 712A via the drainage device 700. As shown, the drugdelivery catheter 940 is secured by the support 910 and extends throughthe housing 710. The delivery device 900 is further connected to aconduit 950 that; in turn, connects to a drug reservoir. As illustratedin FIG. 17A, the drug or therapeutic agent may exit the device 900 froman aperture in the distal end of the catheter 940. As shown in FIG.17B-17C, apertures 942 (FIG. 17B) or side ports 944 (FIG. 17C) may beprovided to facilitate more even dispersing of the drug or therapeuticagent into the patient.

In this configuration, the subdural drainage device 700 may besurgically implanted in the skull 712A as illustrated for generallycontinuous drainage operations while different instruments may beremovably inserted therein as desired, e.g., to remove or reduces anyclots and/or obstructions with the catheter device 800 or to deliver adrug via the drug delivery device 900. Although embodiments according tothe invention are illustrated with the catheter 940 positioned above thesubdural region 712C, it should be understood that any suitable lengthcould be used, including catheters 940 that extend into or adjacent theskull 712A or subdural region 712C.

As illustrated in FIGS. 18-19, in some configurations, the subduraldrainage device 700 may be configured to accept two or more devices atthe same time. As shown, the catheter occlusion/drainage device 800includes a central opening through the catheter 830 into which the drugdelivery device 900 and the drug deliver catheter 940 is positioned. Inthis configuration, the deformable member 850 and the drug deliverydevice 900 may be concurrently positioned in the patient forsimultaneous delivery of a drug or other therapeutic agent and thereduction of occlusions. As illustrated, the occlusion device catheter830 moves between a retracted position (FIG. 18) and an extendedposition (FIG. 19) without substantially disturbing the drug deliverydevice 900.

The present invention is described in greater detail in the followingnon-limiting Examples.

Example 1 Stylet Housing with Telescoping Body

As illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C, a subdural drainage system 100 includes atelescoping housing 110 and a subdural drainage device or catheter 150in the housing 110. The housing 110 has two telescoping members 112,114, a channel lock 116, a drain opening 118 and a lower opening 119. Astylet 120 is enclosed by the housing 110 and attached to a handlemember 122.

The lower opening 119 may be configured to be secured on a skull of asubject, or as shown in FIG. 5B, a catheter support 130 having an upperportion 132 connected to the housing lower opening 119 and a lowerportion 134 may be used. The catheter support lower portion 134 isconfigured to be secured in a skull of a subject.

As illustrated, housing 110 is movable between an extended configuration(FIGS. 5A-5B) and a collapsed configuration (FIG. 5C). In the extendedconfiguration shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, the stylet 120 is withdrawn from atleast a portion of the catheter 150. In the collapsed configurationshown in FIG. 5C, the stylet 120 extends through the catheter, engagesthe catheter distal end 154, and deforms the distal end 154 to dislodgeobstructions and/or reduce clotting.

As illustrated, the channel lock 116 of the stylet housing 110 is anL-shaped channel formed in the lower housing member 114. The stylet 120has a tab protruding therefrom that is contained but travels within thechannel lock 116. Rotation of the handle member 122 rotates the stylet120 from a locked to unlocked position by moving the tab from thehorizontal to vertical portion of the channel lock 116 and permits thetelescoping housing members 112, 114 to collapse, extending the stylet120 into the catheter 150 and deforming the catheter distal end 154.Note that, while the stylet 120 is shown positioned entirely outside thecatheter when the housing 110 is in its extended position, the stylet120 could be contained within the catheter 150 when in the extendedposition, so long as components are appropriately dimensioned so thatcollapsing of the housing 110 effectively deforms the catheter distalend 154. Moreover, the channel lock 116 may be omitted and/or otherlocking configurations can be used. In some embodiments, a lockingmechanism may be used to substantially prevent the stylet 120 fromextending into the subdural space. For example, the channel lock 116 maybe sized and configured such that the stylet 120 is held in position bythe channel lock 116 such that the stylet is substantially preventedfrom extending beyond the catheter 150 and/or into the subdural space.

FIG. 6 shows the system 100 installed on the skull 160 of a subject,with a bulb suction device 170 attached to the external drain 118 toserve as a drain reservoir.

Example 2 Stylet Housing formed from Flexible Polymer

As illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B, a subdural drainage system 200 includes ahousing 210 that encloses a stylet 220. The housing 210 includes acollapsible tubular member 212, a stopper 216, a drain opening 218, ahandle 222 and a catheter support 230. The collapsible member 212 isconnected to the catheter support 230 at a threaded upper portion 232 ofthe catheter support 230. A lower portion 234 of the catheter support230 is configured to be secured in the skull of a subject. A subduraldrainage device, such a catheter 250, has a catheter body 252 and adistal end 254 that is positioned in the catheter support 234 such thatthe catheter distal end 254 extends away from the lower portion 234 ofthe catheter support 230.

As illustrated, the collapsible tubular member 212 is movable between anextended configuration (FIG. 7A) in which the stylet 220 is withdrawnfrom at least a portion of the catheter 250 and a collapsedconfiguration (FIG. 7B) in which the stylet 220 extends through thecatheter 250 to engage the distal end 254 to deform the distal end 254and dislodge obstructions and/or reduce clotting.

The collapsible tubular member 212 as illustrated is accordion-pleated.However, any suitable collapsible configuration may be used. In someembodiments, the tubular member 212 is formed of a flexible material,such as flexible silicone tubing. A conventional tube clamp (not shown)may optionally be provided outside and around the tube to lock thestylet in place by “pinching” the stylet. Alternatively, the tube can bebiased in the extended position and/or spring-loaded. Although thestylet 220 is shown in FIG. 7A as being generally withdrawn from thecatheter 250 in FIG. 7A, it should be understood that in someembodiments, the stylet 220 may extend into a portion of or through theentire length of the catheter body 250. In some embodiments, the stylet220 has a diameter that is sufficiently smaller than the catheter 250such that fluid may flow from a subdural space, through the catheter,and exit from the catheter drain 218.

Example 3 Housing with Internal Biasing Member

As illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8B, a subdural drainage system 300 includes ahousing 310 and a subdural drainage device or catheter 350 in thehousing 310. The catheter includes a body 352 and a deformable distalend 354. The housing 310 encloses a stylet 320. The housing includes adrain opening 318, a lower portion 319, an actuator or button 322 and abiasing member or spring 324. The lower portion 319 may be connected toa connecting member or catheter support (not shown) for providing aconnection portal to the skull of a subject or the lower portion 319 maybe connected directly to a skull of a subject (e.g., the lower portion319 may include a threaded portion for connecting to a skull of asubject) to provide fluid communication to the drain opening 318 (whichmay be in turn connected to a fluid reservoir (not shown)).

The button 322 is biased by the spring 324 in the extended position asshown in FIG. 8A. The button 322 is connected to the stylet 320, and thestylet 320 extends through the catheter body 352 and the distal end 354when the button 322 is in the extended configuration. When the button322 is pressed into the housing collapsed configuration as shown in FIG.8B, the stylet 320 is moved with respect to the catheter 350 such thatthey stylet 320 engages and/or deforms the catheter distal end 354 asshown in FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, the stylet 316 is connected oradhered to the catheter distal end 354.

Example 4 Housing with Internal Biasing Member

As illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9B, a subdural drainage system 400 includes ahousing 410 and a subdural drainage device or catheter 450 in thehousing 410. The housing includes an upper portion 412, a stylet 420, adrain opening 418, an actuator button 422, a biasing member or spring424 and a catheter support 430. The catheter support 430 includes anupper portion that is connected to the housing portion 412 and a lowerportion 434 that is configured to be connected to a skull of a subject.The drain opening 418 may be connected to a fluid reservoir. Thecatheter 450 includes a body 452 and a distal end 454.

The button 422 is connected to the stylet 420, and the spring 424 biasesthe stylet 420 and button 422 in the extended configuration as shown inFIG. 9A. As shown in FIG. 9B, when the button 422 is compressed orcollapsed, the stylet 420 moves to extend through the catheter 450 anddeform the catheter distal end 454 to dislodge obstructions and/orreduce clotting.

Example 5 Housing with Stylet

As illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10B, in some embodiments a separate cathetermember may be omitted. As illustrated, a subdural drainage system 500includes a housing 510 having an upper portion and a subdural drainagedevice or port 530. The housing 510 includes a drainage opening 518, alower end 519, a stylet 520, telescoping members 522 and a biasingmember, such as spring 524. The subdural drainage port 550 includes anupper portion that connects to or is integrally formed with the housing510. The lower portion 519 is configured to connect to the skull of asubject. However, the lower portion 519 may be configured to connectwith a separate drainage port.

The spring 524 biases the stylet 520 in the withdrawn position as shownin FIG. 10A. When the telescoping member 522 is pressed, the stylet 520extends through the subdural drainage port 550 and removes or reducesany clots and/or obstructions therein. In some embodiments, the diameterof the stylet 520 is sufficiently large such that it extendssubstantially across the diameter of the interior region of the port550.

In some embodiments, the interior diameter of the subdural drainagedevice or port 550 is about 4-5 mm and the diameter of the stylet isslightly smaller, such as about 3.5-4.5 mm, so as to physically removeclotting and/or obstructions in the port 550. However, any suitablysized subdural drainage device and stylet may be used. It should beunderstood that various dimensions and/or relative proportions of thesystem may be modified. For example, although the housing 510 isillustrated as a telescoping housing, it should be understood that otherconfigurations may be used to move the stylet 520, including reducedprofile configurations.

Numerous variations of the foregoing will be apparent to those skilledin the art. Although embodiments of the invention are illustrated with ahousing that is removably engaged to the subdural drainage device (e.g.,the catheter, catheter support and/or subdural drainage port), it shouldbe understood that the subdural drainage device and housing may bepermanently connected and/or provided as an integrated unit. Forexample, although the catheter support and housing (e.g., the cathetersupports 130, 230 and 430 and the corresponding housing 110, 210 and 410in FIGS. 5A-5C, FIGS. 7A-7B and FIGS. 9A-9B, respectively) areillustrated as separate members, the catheter support and housing couldbe integrated and formed as a single unitary member. Moreover, thehousings 110, 210, 310, 410 and 510 and drainage ports 118, 218, 318,418 and 518 may also be formed as a single member. In addition, variousconfigurations may be used to move the stylet, including configurationsthat may provide a reduced housing profile.

Although the drainage opening is illustrated as a part of the housing(e.g., the drainage openings 118, 218, 318, 418 and 518 in FIGS. 4-10),it should be understood that the drainage opening may be provided on anysuitable portion of the subdural drainage system, including the cathetersupport and/or the subdural evacuation port device.

Although embodiments according to the present invention are describedherein with respect to a biasing member (e.g., springs 324, 424 of FIGS.8A-8B and FIGS. 9A-9B, respectively) that biases the housing (or aportion thereof) in an extended position such that the stylet iswithdrawn from at least a portion of the catheter, it should beunderstood that the spring member may bias the housing in anotherposition, such as a collapsed position. Thus, actuation of the styletmovement between two stylet positions may occur in the reverse orderfrom that shown. In some embodiments, the movement between the positionsin either order may be sufficient to dislodge and reduce obstructions.

Embodiments according to the present invention are described herein withrespect to a stylet that generally passes through the drainage pathway(such as through the catheter lumen), a stylet lumen may be providedthat is not part of the drainage pathway. For example, a stylet lumenmay be positioned adjacent the drainage lumen and configured so thatmovement of the stylet into the stylet lumen deforms a portion of thecatheter.

Subdural Drainage Devices and Optional Catheter Supports.

The subdural drainage devices that may be connected to housing/styletsaccording to some embodiments of the present invention may take any of avariety of forms. Examples of existing bolt or port devices that can beused and/or modified to provide a subdural drainage device to which ahousing/stylet may be attached according to embodiments of the presentinvention include, but are not limited to, the Codman microsensor skullbolt kit (Johnson & Johnson, Raynham, Mass.), the Spiegelberg Probe 3 PSSND (Spiegelberg, Hamburg, Germany), the Integra Ventrix NL950-Pparenchymal pressure kit (Integra, Plainsboro, N.J.), and the IntegraBolt Model 110-4B (Integra, Plainsboro, N.J.), and those described inU.S. Pat. No. 6,923,799 to Asfora and U.S. Pat. No. 4,114,603 toWilkinson. In general, the subdural drainage devices, including cathetersupports according to some embodiments of the present invention, mayhave an opening formed therethrough, and may include an upper portion, abody portion, and a lower portion. The lower portion may be threaded,e.g., with self-tapping threads, for fastening into the skull of asubject. The subdural drainage devices, including catheter supports, maybe made of any suitable material including metals, polymers, composites,or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the housing and subduraldrainage device may be combined as a single member.

Subdural Catheters.

Catheter portions of the present invention can take any of a variety ofconfigurations, in accordance with known catheters or variations thereofthat will be apparent to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat.No. 4,573,576 to Krol and U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,940 to Mullholand.Typically the subdural catheter has a proximal end, a distal end (thedistal end for positioning in the subdural space), and one or more drainlumens formed therein. The body of the catheter may be elongate andflexible if desired. The stylet (discussed herein) may travel throughthe catheter in one of the drain lumens, or may travel through thecatheter in a separate stylet lumen.

Stylet and Stylet Housing.

Embodiments according to the invention further provide a housing for astylet (such as in a sealed environment so that the stylet remainssterile during use). The housing may be collapsable. The housing mayinclude an upper portion and lower portion, with the housing lowerportion configured to be connected to the catheter support upper portion(e.g., by means of a temporary mechanical connection, frictionconnection, or combination thereof, which provides a seal suitable formaintaining sterility). In some embodiments the housing has (i) anextended configuration and (ii) a collapsed configuration. A stylet,typically elongate in shape, is positioned inside the sealed housing.The stylet may be formed of any suitable material, and in someembodiments may be flexible. The stylet typically has an upper portionand a lower portion. The stylet and housing together are configured with(i) said stylet in a withdrawn position when said housing is in anextended configuration, and (ii) the stylet in an extended position withthe stylet extending completely through said subdural catheter and thestylet lower portion, and engaging and deforming the catheter distal end(at the bumper portion noted above) to disrupt blockages therein whenthe housing is in its collapsed configuration. Note that the “withdrawnposition” of the stylet simply means that the stylet is withdrawn from aportion of the subdural evacuation port device and/or is not deformingthe catheter distal end portion: the stylet can still extend partly orcompletely into the subdural evacuation port device and/or catheterlumen in the withdrawn position.

In some embodiments, the interior diameter of the subdural drainagedevice (such as a catheter or port) is about 4-5 mm and the diameter ofthe stylet is significantly smaller, such as about 1-2 mm, so that fluidmay flow around the stylet. In some embodiments, the stylet is slightlysmaller that the diameter of the subdural drainage device (such as acatheter or port), e.g., to provide a relatively small clearance (suchas about 0.5 mm or less) so as to physically remove clotting and/orobstructions in the subdural drainage device. However, any suitablysized subdural drainage device and stylet may be used.

Both the stylet and stylet housing may be rigid or flexible, and formedof any suitable polymeric, metallic, or composite material, orcombination thereof. Any suitable diameter stylet may be used. Forexample, the stylet may be sufficiently small such that fluid flowsthrough the subdural evacuation device and around the stylet even whenthe stylet is in the extended position. However, in some embodiments,the stylet may have a diameter that is sufficiently large so as to pushblockages out of the subdural evacuation port device, for example, asshown in FIGS. 10A-10B with respect to the stylet 520.

While the stylet and stylet housings are generally depicted herein aslinear, it will be appreciated that these elements may also takedifferent forms and shapes. Proximal and/or distal end portions of thestylet may be turned, angled, enlarged, and/or shaped to better engatehandles, catheter distal end portions, or the like. The body portion ofa flexible stylet may be flexed in a radial manner so that the stylethousing need not protrude vertically from the subdural drainage device.

Drains and reservoirs used to carry out the present invention may be anysuitable form, including electromechanical devices that apply a negativepressure, simple tube and bulb devices, etc., and may be connected tothe subdural drainage system at any suitable position, such as thehousing, the subdural drainage device, catheter, catheter support orsubdural drainage port. The housing according to embodiments of thepresent invention may be configured to attach to existing subduraldrainage devices, such as a subdural evacuation port system (or “SEPS”)available from Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. In some embodiments,drains and/or reservoirs may connect to the external port of thesubdural drainage systems described herein in a positive manner thatmaintains a sterile seal of the device, in like manner as describedabove.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described withrespect to a subdural evacuation port, it should be understood that thehousing and stylet configurations may be used in other devices,including therapeutic agent or drug delivery devices, in which thereservoir may be replaced with a delivery system that flows a fluid outof the device and into a subject in the reverse direction of a drainagesystem.

Kits of the present invention can include the entire device, assembledor disassembled into components. The device or components thereof may besealed, together or individually, in sterile packages or containers byany suitable technique. Where components are sealed into two or moreseparate sterile packages, those separate packages may in turn bepackaged together in a larger package that contains multiple components.Printed instructions for use of the system may be included within and/orprinted on the packaging, as desired.

REFERENCES

-   1) Ramachandran R, Thimmappa H. Chronic subdural hematomas—causes of    morbidity and mortality. Surg Neurol 2007:67; 367-373.-   2) Sucu H K, Gokmen M, Ergin A, Bezircioglu, Gokemn A. Is there a    way to avoid surgical complications of twist drill craniostomy for    evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien)    2007; 149:597-599.-   3) Ernestus R I, Beldzinski P, Lanfermann H, Klug N. Chronic    subdural hematoma: Surgical treatment and outcome in 104 patients.    Surg Neurol 1997; 48:220-225.-   4) Mellergard P, Wisten O. Operations and re-operations for chronic    subdural haematomas during a 25-year period in a well defined    population. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996; 138:708-713.-   5) Merlicco G, Pierangeli E, di Padova P L. Chronic subdural    hematomas in adults: prognostic factors. Analysis of 70 cases.    Neurosurg Rev 1995; 18:247-251.-   6) Asfora W T, Schwebach L. A modified technique to treat chronic    and subacute subdural hematoma: technical report. Surg Neurol 2003;    59:329-332.-   7) Lollis S S, Wolak M L, Mamourian A C. Imaging characteristics of    the subdural evacuating port system, a new bedside therapy for    subacute/chronic subdural hematoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006    January; 27(1):74-5.)

The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to beconstrued as limiting thereof. The invention is defined by the followingclaims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

That which is claimed is:
 1. A subdural drainage system, comprising: (a) a subdural drainage device having an opening formed therethrough, said subdural drainage device having an upper portion, a body portion, and a lower portion; (b) a housing having an upper portion and lower portion, with said housing connected to said subdural drainage device; said housing movable between (i) a first configuration and (ii) a second configuration; and (c) an elongated element positioned inside said housing, said elongated element having an upper portion, a lower portion and a deformable member connected to the lower portion; said elongated element being configured such that said elongated element is moved between (i) a retracted position with said elongated element inside a portion of said subdural drainage device and said deformable member inside said housing, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated element extending through said subdural drainage device such that said deformable member automatically extends to an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted in the subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between said first and second housing configurations; and (d) an external drain opening formed on either said subdural drainage device or said housing.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said deformable member has a diameter that is greater than a diameter of said housing when said deformable member is in the extended, deformed position.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein said elongated element comprises a stylet.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said elongated element comprises a catheter.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein: said elongated element and said housing are connected to one another; and said elongated element is slidably received in said catheter opening.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said elongated element, said deformable member and said housing are removably received in said subdural drainage device.
 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a drug delivery device that is removably receivable in said subdural drainage device.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein said housing comprises a rigid telescoping housing.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein said housing comprises a biasing member positioned to bias said enclosed housing in one of said first or second configurations.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein said subdural drainage device lower portion has self-tapping threads formed thereon; and wherein said subdural drainage device comprises an enlarged grasping portion for manually threading said lower portion into the skull of a subject.
 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir connected to said external drain opening.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said housing provides a sealed enclosure when said system is connected to a skull of a subject.
 13. A occlusion-removal apparatus for use with a subdural drainage device, said apparatus comprising: (a) an elongated element configured to be inserted in said subdural drainage device; said elongated element having a proximal end and a distal end, with said elongated element having a drain lumen formed therein; and with said distal end having a deformable member having subdural drain openings formed therein, said drain openings in fluid communication with said drain lumen; (b) a housing connected to said elongated element and having an upper portion and lower portion; and wherein said elongated element is movable between (i) a retracted position with said elongated element inside a portion of said subdural drainage device and said deformable member inside said housing, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated element extending through said subdural drainage device such that said deformable member automatically extends to an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted in the subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between said first and second housing configurations; and (c) an external drain opening in fluid communication with said housing.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said housing comprises a rigid telescoping housing.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said housing comprises a biasing member positioned to maintain said enclosed housing in one of said first and second configurations.
 16. A kit comprising an apparatus of claim
 1. 17. A kit of claim 16, wherein said apparatus is sealed in one or more a sterile packages or containers.
 18. A method for draining the subdural space, said method comprising: positioning a subdural drainage system on a patient, the subdural drainage system comprising: (a) a subdural drainage device having an opening formed therethrough, said subdural drainage device having an upper portion, a body portion, and a lower portion; (b) a housing having an upper portion and lower portion, with said housing connected to said subdural drainage device; said housing movable between (i) a first configuration and (ii) a second configuration; and (c) an elongated element positioned inside said housing, said elongated element having an upper portion and a lower portion and configured such that said elongated element is moved between (i) a withdrawn position with said elongated element withdrawn from a portion of said subdural evacuation port device, and (ii) an extended position with said elongated element extending through said subdural drainage, wherein said elongated element comprises a deformable member on the lower portion thereof; and (d) an external drain opening formed on either said subdural drainage device or said housing; and moving said housing between said first and second housing configurations so that said elongated element is moved between said withdrawn position with said elongated element withdrawn from a portion of said subdural evacuation port device, and said extended position with said elongated element extending through said subdural drainage device, such that said deformable member automatically extends to an extended, deformed position in which blockages are disrupted in the subdural drainage device when said housing is moved between said first and second housing configurations. 